Endoscopic anatomy of the ulnar nerve: a useful adjunct to teaching anatomy.

Introduction: There has been a shift away from gross anatomy teaching and hands-on cadaveric dissection. This has been replaced by a variety of teaching modalities including problem-based learning, models and prosections, and computer-assisted learning. We aim to pilot a technique of endoscopic visualisation of upper limb anatomy, to produce a video that can be incorporated into anatomy teaching and to assess the video qualitatively as an adjunct to anatomy teaching.

Impact of prenatal diagnosis and anatomical subtype on outcome in double outlet right ventricle.

Background: We sought to investigate the influence of prenatal diagnosis and risk factors for adverse outcomes in double outlet right ventricle (DORV) not associated with heterotaxy.

Methods: Patients with a pre or postnatal diagnosis of DORV from 2000 to 2007 were identified and classified into 3 subgroups: subaortic ventricular septal defect (VSD) and normal great artery (GA) arrangement (=VSD type), tetralogy of Fallot type, and transposition of the GA type (=TGA type). Patients with heterotaxy, atrioventricular septal defect, valve atresia, and ventricular hypoplasia were excluded.

Sixth nerve palsy of para-infectious origin.

Acute abducens palsy of para-infectious origin is uncommon in adulthood. We present the case history of a 28-year-old woman suffering from acute onset diplopia due to abducens palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed signs suggestive of frank ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis.

Thalamic hand dystonia: an MRI anatomoclinical study.

Focal dystonia has been attributed to lesions involving the basal ganglia and/or thalamus. Hand dystonia was studied in a patient with a unilateral thalamic infarction documented by MRI. A 18-year-old girl presented with severe isolated dystonia of the right hand as a sequel of perinatal infarction.

Variations in the normal anatomy of the collateral ligaments of the human elbow joint.

The variations which occur in the medial and lateral ligament complexes of the elbow were investigated. These occurred frequently with the standard appearances occurring in no more than half the specimens on the medial side and one quarter of those on the lateral side. Surgeons who regularly perform elbow arthroplasty must be aware of these considerations, especially with the introduction of unconstrained prostheses which rely upon the ligament complex for their postoperative stability.