Enzymatic production, physicochemical characterization, and prebiotic potential of pectin oligosaccharides from pisco grape pomace.

The prebiotic capacity of Pectin Oligosaccharides (POS) is influenced by structural factors such as molecular size, composition, and degree of esterification, which affect their interaction with the gut microbiota. While existing literature has predominantly examined POS derived from apple and citrus pectins, the extrapolation of these findings to other pectin sources remains complex due to variations in their composition. This study focused on obtaining POS with prebiotic potential from pisco grape pomace through controlled enzymatic hydrolysis, resulting in three molecular size fractions: <3 kDa, 3-10 kDa, and > 10 kDa.

Acidophilic heterotrophs: basic aspects and technological applications.

Acidophiles comprise a group of microorganisms adapted to live in acidic environments. Despite acidophiles are usually associated with an autotrophic metabolism, more than 80 microorganisms capable of utilizing organic matter have been isolated from natural and man-made environments. The ability to reduce soluble and insoluble iron compounds has been described for many of these species and may be harnessed to develop new or improved mining processes when oxidative bioleaching is ineffective.

KCO-Modified Smectites as Basic Catalysts for Glycerol Transcarbonation to Glycerol Carbonate.

A novel and cost-effective heterogeneous catalyst for glycerol carbonate production through transesterification was developed by impregnating smectite clay with KCO. Comprehensive structural and chemical analyses, including X-ray diffraction Analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)-Electron Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis measurements, were employed to characterize the catalysts. Among the various catalysts prepared, the one impregnated with 40 wt% KCO on smectite and calcined at 550 °C exhibited the highest catalytic activity, primarily due to its superior basicity.

Hereditary Optic Neuropathies: A Systematic Review on the Interplay between Biomaterials and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Hereditary optic neuropathies (HONs) such as dominant optic atrophy (DOA) and Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) are mitochondrial diseases characterized by a degenerative loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and are a cause of blindness worldwide. To date, there are only limited disease-modifying treatments for these disorders. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has opened several promising opportunities in the field of HON research and the search for therapeutic approaches.

Overcoming Biochemical Limitations of Galactose Oxidase through the Design of a Solid-Supported Self-Sufficient Biocatalyst.

Galactose Oxidase (GalOx) has gained significant interest in biocatalysis due to its ability for selective oxidation beyond the natural oxidation of galactose, enabling the production of valuable derivatives. However, the practical application of GalOx has been hindered by the limited availability of active and stable biocatalysts, as well as the inherent biochemical limitations such as oxygen (O ) dependency and the need for activation. In this study, we addressed these challenges by immobilizing GalOx into agarose-based and Purolite supports to enhance its activity and stability.