Publications by authors named "M Ladanyi"
The canonical model of tumor suppressor gene (TSG)-mediated oncogenesis posits that loss of both alleles is necessary for inactivation. Here, through allele-specific analysis of sequencing data from 48,179 cancer patients, we define the prevalence, selective pressure for, and functional consequences of biallelic inactivation across TSGs. TSGs largely assort into distinct classes associated with either pan-cancer (Class 1) or lineage-specific (Class 2) patterns of selection for biallelic loss, although some TSGs are predominantly monoallelically inactivated (Class 3/4).
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- Approximately 10% of lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) have mucinous histology (LUADMuc), which is linked to a lighter/absent smoking history and a higher prevalence of KRAS mutations compared to LUAD without this histology (LUADnon-muc).
- A study analyzed features and treatment outcomes of LUADMuc and LUADnon-muc patients, revealing LUADMuc patients had less aggressive disease characteristics and a poorer response to current therapies, especially immunotherapy.
- Overall, LUADMuc showed lower objective response rates, shorter progression-free and overall survival compared to LUADnon-muc, highlighting a need for more effective treatment strategies for this subgroup.
Aims: Although molecular tests developed for a growing list of oncogenic alterations have significantly aided in the classification of head and neck carcinomas, tumours in which prototypical histologic and immunophenotypic features are lacking or only partially developed continue to pose diagnostic challenges. Searching for known diagnostic and therapeutic targets by clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays can often lead to new discoveries.
Methods And Results: We present our institutional experience in applying targeted RNA NGS in 36 head and neck carcinomas that were morphologically difficult to classify between 2016 and 2023.
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- Listeria monocytogenes can form tough biofilms in food processing areas, making it hard to eliminate despite existing control strategies.
- Research on fungal proteins showed that they effectively disrupt biofilm formation without directly killing the bacteria at higher temperatures.
- Fungal lectins specifically inhibited biofilm development at room temperature, suggesting potential use in preventing Listeria contamination on surfaces in food processing.
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- Researchers are merging unstructured patient data with structured health records to create the MSK-CHORD dataset, consisting of varied cancer types from nearly 25,000 patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
- This dataset allows for in-depth analysis of cancer outcomes using advanced techniques like natural language processing, revealing new relationships that smaller datasets may not show.
- Using MSK-CHORD for machine learning models, findings suggest that incorporating features from these unstructured texts can better predict patient survival than relying solely on genomic data or cancer staging.