AI-powered evaluation of lung function for diagnosis of interstitial lung disease.

Background: The diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) can pose a challenge as the pulmonary function test (PFT) is only minimally affected at the onset. To improve early diagnosis, this study aims to explore the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) software in assisting pulmonologists with PFT interpretation for ILD diagnosis. The software provides an automated description of PFT and disease probabilities computed from an AI model.

The relationship between cardiometabolic abnormalities and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative: A comparison of associations among women with cancer to women without cancer.

Background: Prior studies of participants with breast and other obesity-associated cancers in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) showed worse mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes for individuals with a higher number of cardiometabolic risk factors at study entry. The purpose of this analysis is to compare the relationship between cardiometabolic abnormalities and mortality among women with and without cancer in the WHI.

Methods: Women with one of five early-stage obesity-associated cancers (breast, colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and controls without any new or prior history of cancer were selected from the WHI-Life and Longevity after Cancer ancillary study.

[New systemic treatment approaches for conjunctival melanoma].

Conjunctival melanoma is a rare disease that nevertheless has a high tumor-associated mortality rate. A resection in sano with adjuvant local treatment currently represents the therapeutic gold standard and systemic treatment is used for metastasized conjunctival melanoma and/or very advanced nonresectable local findings. New knowledge on molecular changes in conjunctival melanoma shows a clear similarity to those of cutaneous melanoma.

Variation in wood density across South American tropical forests.

Wood density is a critical control on tree biomass, so poor understanding of its spatial variation can lead to large and systematic errors in forest biomass estimates and carbon maps. The need to understand how and why wood density varies is especially critical in tropical America where forests have exceptional species diversity and spatial turnover in composition. As tree identity and forest composition are challenging to estimate remotely, ground surveys are essential to know the wood density of trees, whether measured directly or inferred from their identity.