Publications by authors named "M L Maddox"
Plastic pollution continues to prevail across Arctic marine environments, readily available for marine organisms to ingest, especially seabirds. Seabird plastic ingestion datasets often lack standardized time series that allow for trend analysis. We examine the recent status of plastic ingestion (≥ 1 mm) in thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) using standardized methods to assess spatial differences and time trends over two decades (2007-2021).
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- - The study focused on evaluating the effectiveness of standard treatments for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children with myelomeningocele (MMC), a type of spina bifida, as existing data on their longitudinal care is limited.
- - Researchers analyzed medical records from three spina bifida clinics, examining the changes in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) for 71 patients who underwent treatment, finding a significant reduction in AHI post-treatment.
- - Results showed that a majority of children improved after treatment, particularly those receiving supplemental oxygen or continuous positive airway pressure, while those treated with adenotonsillectomy had lower rates of improvement.
Article Synopsis
- Seabirds are increasingly ingesting plastic, affecting various species differently based on their ecological and morphological traits.
- In Canada, a study on northern fulmars, black-legged kittiwakes, thick-billed murres, and black guillemots revealed that 51% of fulmars contained plastic, while kittiwakes and murres had much lower rates, and guillemots showed no significant ingestion.
- The data suggests that while fulmars ingest less plastic than those in the European Arctic, they still serve as an effective indicator for monitoring plastic pollution in Canada compared to other local species.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to explore clinical and imaging factors linked to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children with Chiari type I malformation and assess the effectiveness of foramen magnum decompression (FMD) in treating SDB.
- A review of charts from children diagnosed with Chiari from 2002 to 2022 revealed a significant prevalence of SDB, with notable associations found for factors like lower cranial nerve dysfunction and tonsillar position.
- Post-FMD, children with SDB exhibited a substantial decrease in apnea-hypopnea index scores, and 35% of those treated achieved complete resolution of their SDB.
Seabirds ingest contaminants linked to their prey's tissues, but also adsorbed to ingested plastic debris. To explore relationships between ingested plastics and trace elements concentrations, we analyzed 25 essential non-essential trace elements in liver tissue in relation to plastic content in the gastrointestinal tract in adults of four species of Arctic seabirds with different propensity to ingest plastic. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) provided a clear separation between species based on element concentrations, but not among individuals with and without plastics.
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