A long, narrow, relativistic charged particle bunch propagating in plasma is subject to the self-modulation (SM) instability. We show that SM of a proton bunch can be seeded by the wakefields driven by a preceding electron bunch. SM timing reproducibility and control are at the level of a small fraction of the modulation period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe rapid recovery of demand combined with supply constraints has led to rising prices during the past months. This is evident in oil and gas markets, but also in international trade, which has been thrown out of step by bottlenecks at Asian ports. This situation creates a trade-off for the European Central Bank, because a more expansionary monetary policy cannot mitigate the supply bottlenecks and supply-side restrictions, while a more restrictive monetary policy would slow down the economic recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWirtschaftsdienst
September 2021
The 2021 election campaign in Germany has revealed substantial demands on the federal budget in the coming legislative period. Some coalition partners, however, have rejected a reform of the debt brake and simultaneously promise tax cuts. A 'burden forecast' for the next four years indicates that these campaign promises will triple expenditures from 37 to 105.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the German political debate, the principle of subsidiarity plays an important role in the acceptance of the European multilevel system. In such a system, there is a collision of historically diverging, systematically inconsistent and qualitatively different needs. This combination demands an "active subsidiarity" and a "subsidiarity routine" in order to dynamically shape the heterogeneous EU.
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