CYP19 and ESR2 polymorphisms as potential culprits in cryptorchidism.

Introduction: Cryptorchidism impairs sperm development and increases the risk of infertility and testicular cancer. Estrogen signalling is critical for proper descent of the testicles, and hormonal imbalances play a role in cryptorchidism. CYP19, also known as aromatase, encodes an enzyme that converts testosterone, a male sex hormone, into estradiol, the main form of estrogen.

Bone Mineral Density Improvement After Resolution of Endogenous Cushing Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: We aimed to identify all evidence to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) improvement after resolution of endogenous Cushing syndrome (eCS).

Methods: Potentially eligible studies were identified from the EMBASE and PubMed databases from inception to February 2024, utilizing a search strategy incorporating terms related to "Bone mineral density" and "Cushing syndrome". Eligible studies must include patients diagnosed with eCS.

Impairments of attention in RRMS patients: the role of disease duration.

Introduction: The extent to which different types of attention are affected in RRMS based on disease duration has not been extensively analyzed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether MS patients differ compared to healthy individuals in a homogeneous sample of RRMS patients in terms of attention types and from which year of MS attention deficit starts. Another aim of the study was to examine the effect of MS duration and stimulus onset asynchrony on dual task performance.

Computational Fluid Dynamics of Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a critical role in the healthy function of the brain, yet the mechanics of CSF flow remain poorly understood. Computational fluid dynamics is a powerful tool capable of resolving the spatiotemporal evolution of CSF pressures and velocities, but technical and methodological limitations have limited the clinical use of CFD to date. With improvements in medical imaging, computational power, and machine learning, however, CFD may be on the cusp of breaking through into the medical mainstream.

Disease-free survival as surrogate for overall survival in real-world settings for esophageal cancer: an analysis of SEER-Medicare data.

Background: Establishing surrogate endpoints for overall survival (OS) may expedite assessment of new therapies in esophageal cancer (EC) and gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). This study aimed to evaluate disease-free survival (DFS) as a surrogate endpoint for OS.

Methods: Patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database aged ≥66 years with resection after primary diagnosis of stage 2 or 3 EC/GEJC between 2009 and 2017 were analyzed (N = 925; median follow-up 26.