1-Methylnicotinamide and nicotinamide: two related anti-inflammatory agents that differentially affect the functions of activated macrophages.

Introduction: 1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA), a major metabolite of nicotinamide (NA), is known to exert anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Treatment of inflammatory skin diseases by topical application of MNA provides certain advantages over the use of NA. However, in contrast to NA, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory properties of MNA are not well known.

The role of heme oxygenase-1 in down regulation of PGE2 production by taurine chloramine and taurine bromamine in J774.2 macrophages.

Taurine chloramine (TauCl) and taurine bromamine (TauBr), products of myeloperoxidase halide system, exert anti-inflammatory properties. TauCl was demonstrated to inhibit the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependent production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Recently we have demonstrated that both major leukocyte haloamines, TauCl and TauBr, induced expression of HO-1 in non-activated and LPS-activated J774.

Differential inflammatory mediator response in vitro from murine macrophages to lactobacilli and pathogenic intestinal bacteria.

Chronic active colitis (including inflammatory bowel disease - IBD) is maintained by a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators. Certain intestinal bacterial strains may induce colitis, whereas some strains (e.g.

Anti-inflammatory effects of taurine derivatives (taurine chloramine, taurine bromamine, and taurolidine) are mediated by different mechanisms.

In this study, in an animal model of zymosan-induced peritonitis we have tested anti-inflammatory properties of Taurolidine (TRD), a synthetic derivative of taurine. In vitro, the effect of TRD and HOCl treated TRD on peritoneal macrophages was compared with that of TauCl. We report that locally administered TRD (Taurolin) shows strong anti-inflammatory properties.