Intratumor microbiota as a novel potential prognostic indicator in mesothelioma.

Introduction: Despite increased attention on immunotherapy, primarily immune checkpoint blockade, as a therapeutic approach for mesothelioma (MMe), its efficacy and tolerability remain questioned. One potential explanation for different responses to immunotherapy is the gut and intratumor microbiota; however, these remain an underexplored facet of MMe. This article highlights the cancer intratumor microbiota as a novel potential prognostic indicator in MMe.

Elimination of Off-Target Effect by Chemical Modification of 5'-End of siRNA.

In this study, the efficiency of RNA interference of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) bearing 5'--methyl-2'-deoxythymidine (X) and 5'-amino-2', 5'-dideoxythymidine (Z) at the 5'-end of the sense strand and the antisense strand of siRNA was investigated in HeLa cells stably expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. The results indicated that when one strand of siRNA was modified with X or Z and the other was unmodified, the X or Z modification was predominant in the process of strand selection and the unmodified strand was selected as a guide strand. When both strands are modified with X or Z, the modified antisense strand with X or Z will be selected as a guide strand with a certain probability.

Comparison of 3 Randomized Clinical Trials of Frontline Therapies for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.

Importance: Some recently proposed frontline therapies for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) are very costly, yet their impact on quality of life and overall survival of these patients remains arguable. Given the high social toll of this aggressive occupational cancer, it is paramount to establish the real clinical benefit of these treatments.

Objective: To directly compare and analyze the statistical robustness of the 3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of frontline therapies recommended for MPM since 2003.

Protein disulfide isomerase A1‑associated pathways in the development of stratified breast cancer therapies.

The oxidoreductase protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) functions as a cofactor for many transcription factors including estrogen receptor α (ERα), nuclear factor (NF)‑κB, nuclear factor erythroid 2‑like 2 (NRF2) and regulates the protein stability of the tumor suppressor p53. Taking this into account we hypothesized that PDIA1, by differentially modulating the gene expression of a diverse subset of genes in the ERα‑positive vs. the ERα‑negative breast cancer cells, might modify dissimilar pathways in the two types of breast cancer.

Evaluation of the Role of p53 Tumour Suppressor Posttranslational Modifications and TTC5 Cofactor in Lung Cancer.

Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor are found in over 50% of cancers. p53 function is controlled through posttranslational modifications and cofactor interactions. In this study, we investigated the posttranslationally modified p53, including p53 acetylated at lysine 382 (K382), p53 phosphorylated at serine 46 (S46), and the p53 cofactor TTC5/STRAP (Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 5/ Stress-responsive activator of p300-TTC5) proteins in lung cancer.