Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1), TP53, RAS/BRAF and KIT aberrations in testicular germ cell tumors.

Purpose: Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1), a zinc-finger transcription factor essential for testis development and function, along with other genes, was investigated for their role in the pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT).

Methods: In total, 284 TGCT and 100 control samples were investigated, including qPCR for WT1 expression and BRAF mutation, p53 immunohistochemistry detection, and massively parallel amplicon sequencing.

Results: WT1 was significantly (p < 0.

[Care of foreskin constriction in children].

The suspicion of phimosis is more frequent than it's real occurrence. The diagnosis of phimosis is often used for another nonobstructive conditions of prepuce--conglutination or tight prepuce. The early operation is necessary just in cases of real phimosis, whereas conservative approach is recommended in cases of conglutination and tight prepuce.

[Abnormal placement of the testes].

The authors defined a uniform classification of abnormal positions of the testes. They recommend also a uniform therapeutic procedure: after the first year of life treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin in one or two curves, if orchiopexy fails.

[The nomenclature and concept of care of children and adolescents with renal insufficiency].

The standard of care of children and adolescents with chronic renal failure and chronic renal insufficiency in the CSR does not correspond to the european average so far. Dialysis- treatment, contrary to treatment of adults, was started at the beginning of the eighties. The reason was that equipment for dialysis was not readily available.