Insulin receptor expression to predict resistance to axitinib and elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Background: The study aimed to examine the significance of insulin receptor (INSR) expression in predicting resistance to axitinib in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods: Clinicopathological data were collected from 36 consecutive patients with metastatic RCC who received axitinib. Thirty-three primary tumours were obtained for immunohistochemistry.

Neuroprotective Effects of Stem Extract in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Amyloid Precursor Protein.

To mimic Alzheimer's disease, transgenic mice overexpressing the amyloid precursor protein (APP) were used in this study. We hypothesize that the neuroprotective effects of ETAS®50, a standardized extract of stem produced by Amino Up Co., Ltd.

Temperature-Dependent Low-Frequency Vibrations of Thiamine Crystal Containing Hydrated Ions.

Low-frequency vibrations of crystalline molecules are very sensitive to the local environment in which the molecules, for example, hydrated ions captured in crystals, find themselves. We present low-temperature X-ray crystallographic measurements on the harvested thiamine crystal containing hydrated ions and its temperature-dependent terahertz spectra and synchrotron infrared microspectra. It is found from the X-ray structure that the hydrated ions and hydration water are in a similar environment to liquid, although those are captured in crystals.

Low Expression of Toll-like Receptor 4 Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Bladder Cancer.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the progression of bladder cancer (BCa) and TLR4 expression.

Materials And Methods: The relationship between TLR4 expression and prognosis of BCa patients was analyzed using a publicly available database and immunohistochemical staining of clinical samples. The effect of TLR4 knockdown was also examined on the invasive capabilities of BCa cells.

Galectin-3 Is Implicated in Tumor Progression and Resistance to Anti-androgen Drug Through Regulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer.

Background: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)-related deaths are increasing worldwide. Therefore, clarification of the mechanisms of hormone-related tumor progression and resistance to anti-androgen drugs is useful in order to develop strategies for appropriate treatment of CRPC. Galectin-3 has been shown to be correlated with tumor progression in a variety of cancer types through the regulation of tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis.