Predictive values of vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel-density levels in initial biopsy for prostate cancer.

Angiogenesis is an important factor in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCA). We aimed to investigate the values of vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) expression level and microvessel density (MVD) in the prediction of PCA diagnosis at repeated prostate biopsy (re-PBx). We retrospectively evaluated 167 patients with re-PBx according to elevated prostate-specific antigen levels, suspicious digital rectal examination, and the presence of premalignant lesions.

An unusual complication of a double-J ureteral stent: renal parenchymal perforation in a solitary kidney.

Double-J ureteral stenting is commonly used in urological practice and has various complications. We report a patient with a renal parenchymal perforation and perirenal hematoma due to a double-J ureteral stent in a solitary kidney. This complication of ureteral stents is rarely observed and is life-threatening.

Urethral duplication: a rare cause of recurrent urinary infection.

Urethral duplication is quite a rare congenital anomaly with ill-defined aetiology. Patients often present with penile deformity; recurrent urinary infections, urinary incontinence, serosal discharge from the accessory urethra, and difficulty in urinating. Urethral duplication is most commonly grouped according to the Efmann classification.

Skin-to-stone distance has no impact on outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Objective: Skin-to-stone distance (SSD) is a stronger factor than body mass index in predicting the success of shock wave lithotripsy. We aimed to evaluate the impact of SSD on outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 1,280 patients who had undergone PCNL between April 2007 and February 2012 were evaluated retrospectively.