Male medaka continue to mate with females despite sperm depletion.

In animals where males engage in multiple matings, sperm depletion can substantially reduce the reproductive success of both sexes. However, little is known about how successive matings affect sperm depletion, fertilization rates and mating behaviour. Here, we investigated this phenomenon under laboratory conditions.

The ability of teleost fishes to recognize individual faces suggests an early evolutionary origin in vertebrates.

The face is the most important area on the human body for visually differentiating between individuals. When encountering another person, humans initially gaze at and perceive the face holistically, utilizing relational information and specific neural systems. Information such as identity and emotional state are then obtained from the face by distinguishing between small inter-individual differences, i.

Synchronized Photoluminescence and Electrical Mobility Enhancement in 2D WS through Sequence-Specific Chemical Passivation.

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting dichalcogenides hold exceptional promise for next-generation electronic and photonic devices. Despite this potential, the pervasive presence of defects in 2D dichalcogenides results in carrier mobility and photoluminescence (PL) that fall significantly short of theoretical predictions. Although defect passivation offers a potential solution, its effects have been inconsistent.

Cleaner fish with mirror self-recognition capacity precisely realize their body size based on their mental image.

Animals exhibiting mirror self-recognition (MSR) are considered self-aware; however, studies on their level of self-awareness remain inconclusive. Recent research has indicated the potential for cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus) to possess a sophisticated level of private self-awareness. However, as this study revealed only an aspect of private self-awareness, further investigation into other elements is essential to substantiate this hypothesis.