Therapy for Vitreous Seeding Caused by Retinoblastoma. A Review.

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in children. Seeding, specifically the dispersion of the tumor into the adjacent compartments, represents a major parameter determining the degree of retinoblastoma according to the International Classification of Retinoblastoma. In this article we focused on vitreous seeding, one of the main limiting factors in the successful "eye preservation treatment" of retinoblastoma.

The Role of Cryotherapy in Vitreous Concentrations of Topotecan Delivered by Episcleral Hydrogel Implant.

Transscleral diffusion delivery of chemotherapy is a promising way to reach the vitreal seeds of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood. In this study, the delivery of topotecan via lens-shaped, bi-layered hydrogel implants was combined with transconjunctival cryotherapy to assess whether cryotherapy leads to higher concentrations of topotecan in the vitreous. The study included 18 New Zealand albino rabbits; nine rabbits received a topotecan-loaded implant episclerally and another nine rabbits received transconjunctival cryotherapy superotemporally 2 weeks before implant administration.

Hydrogel implants for transscleral diffusion delivery of topotecan: In vivo proof of concept in a rabbit eye model.

Treatment of retinoblastoma (Rb) has greatly improved in recent years in terms of survival and eye salvage rates, using mainly intra-arterial or intravitreal chemotherapy. However, the treatment of vitreous tumor seeding still represents a challenge and it is of great interest to develop new strategies to deliver pharmacologically sufficient drug amounts to the vitreous humor. In the present work, we present a lens-shaped bi-layered hydrogel implant for delivery of topotecan (TPT) via transscleral diffusion.

Hydrogel implants for transscleral drug delivery for retinoblastoma treatment.

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in children which develops from the retinal stem cells. Systemic chemotherapy is the typical therapeutic treatment and though most children survive Rb, they often lose their vision, or the eye needs to be enucleated. Regarding to the pure availability of the target tumor by systemic chemotherapy, the local anticancer drug administration would be advantageous to increase the local drug concentration and minimize adverse side effects of chemotherapy.

SIMULTANEOUS BILATERAL ACUTE ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA IN MILLER FISHER SYNDROME.

Purpose: To report a case of patient with Miller Fisher syndrome, complicated by simultaneous bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma in her slightly (+1.5) hyperopic eyes.

Methods: We present a case report of a 71-year-old female patient presenting with total ophthalmoplegia, areflexia, ataxia and bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma.