Processing references in context: when the polar bear does not meet a polar bear.

Discourse understanding is hampered when missing or conflicting context information is given. In four experiments, we investigated what happens (a) when the definite determiner "the," which presupposes existence and uniqueness, does not find a unique referent in the context or (b) when the appropriate use of the indefinite determiner is violated by the presence of a unique referent (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2). To focus on the time-course of processing the uniqueness presupposition of the definite determiner, we embedded the determiner in different sentence structures and varied the context (Experiment 3 and Experiment 4).

Histamine H- and H-receptor expression in human colon-derived cell lines.

In previous studies, we demonstrated the involvement of HR in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD-associated colon cancer in mice and could ascribe HR-mediated histamine function to colon epithelial cells. The transferability of obtained data to humans is however lacking. Functional expression of HR on colon epithelial cells is a prerequisite to pursue the hypothesis of involvement of HR in carcinogenesis.

Comparison of Montreal cognitive assessment and Mattis dementia rating scale in the preoperative evaluation of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: The preoperative evaluation of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) includes the assessment of the neuropsychological status of the patient. A widely used preoperative test is the Mattis Dementia rating scale (MDRS). However, the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) has also been proven to be a sensitive, time-sparing tool with high diagnostic validity in PD.

Clinical presentation and management of childhood intussusception in South Africa.

Purpose: We assessed management and outcomes for intussusception at nine academic hospitals in South Africa.

Methods: Patients ≤ 3 years presenting with intussusception between September 2013 and December 2017 were prospectively enrolled at all sites. Additionally, patients presenting between July 2012 and August 2013 were retrospectively enrolled at one site.