Publications by authors named "M Khasraw"
Leptomeningeal metastatic disease (LMD), encompassing entities of 'meningeal carcinomatosis', neoplastic meningitis' and 'leukaemic/lymphomatous meningitis', arises secondary to the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells from extracranial and certain intracranial malignancies into the leptomeninges and cerebrospinal fluid. The clinical burden of LMD has been increasing secondary to more sensitive diagnostics, aggressive local therapies for discrete brain metastases, and improved management of extracranial disease with targeted and immunotherapeutic agents, resulting in improved survival. However, owing to drug delivery challenges and the unique microenvironment of LMD, novel therapies against systemic disease have not yet translated into improved outcomes for these patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor in adults, continues to have a dismal prognosis. Across hundreds of clinical trials, few novel approaches have translated to clinical practice while survival has improved by only a few months over the past three decades. Randomized controlled trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have seen impressive success for advanced or metastatic extracranial solid tumors, have so far failed to demonstrate a clinical benefit for patients with GBM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical trials evaluating chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in patients with malignant gliomas have shown some early promise in pediatric and adult patients. However, the long-term benefits and safety for patients remain to be established. The ultimate success of CAR T-cell therapy for malignant glioma will require the integration of an in-depth understanding of the immunology of the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma with strategies to overcome the paucity and heterogeneous expression of glioma-specific antigens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Patients with brain tumors want to help doctors understand their illness better by participating in tests that involve taking samples of their tumor tissue.
- To improve treatments, everyone including patients, researchers, and regulatory agencies need to work together and use consistent methods when taking these samples.
- Even though new tests using blood samples show some promise, they can't replace the need for the usual tissue tests just yet, and it's important to clearly explain the risks and benefits of these procedures to patients.
Purpose Of Review: This manuscript will update prior reviews of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in light of basic science, translational, and clinical discoveries in the field of cancer immunology and aging.
Recent Findings: ICIs have led to significant advancements in the treatment of cancer. Landmark trials of ICIs have cited the efficacy and toxicity experienced by older patients, but most trials are not specifically designed to address outcomes in older patients.