Urothelial Differences in the Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex: Potential Implications for Management.

Purpose: The authors examined the urothelium of exstrophy-epispadias complex spectrum patients for histological differences and expression of terminal markers of urothelial differentiation.

Materials And Methods: Between 2012 and 2017 bladder biopsies were obtained from 69 pediatric exstrophy-epispadias complex patients. These specimens were compared to bladder specimens from normal controls.

Penile Disassembly in Complete Primary Repair of Bladder Exstrophy: Time for Re-evaluation?

Objective: To explore a series of classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) cases referred to the authors' institution where primary closure with penile disassembly epispadias repair was complicated by penile injury. The penile disassembly technique is frequently combined with bladder closure in patients with CBE undergoing the complete primary repair of exstrophy (CPRE). Penile disassembly has been posited as a risk for penile injury by ischemic mechanisms.

Urinary Continence Outcomes in Classic Bladder Exstrophy: A Long-Term Perspective.

Purpose: We investigated surgical approaches to urinary incontinence and long-term continence outcomes after successful bladder reconstruction in a heterogeneous patient population with classic bladder exstrophy. We hypothesized that while most patients will achieve urinary continence after surgery, only a select group will void volitionally per urethra.

Materials And Methods: An institutional database of 1,323 patients with exstrophy-epispadias complex was reviewed for patients with classic bladder exstrophy who underwent successful bladder closure and a subsequent continence procedure between 1975 and 2017.

Anatomy of Classic Bladder Exstrophy: MRI Findings and Surgical Correlation.

Purpose Of Review: The exstrophy-epispadias complex (EEC) represents a group of congenitally acquired malformations involving the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems. Classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) is the most common and best studied entity within the EEC. In this review, imaging features of CBE anatomy will be presented with surgical correlation.