Approaches and challenges in cancer immunotherapy pathways.

Cancer immunotherapy is an effective with critical approaches in the treatment of oncological patients. Whilst numerous research and clinical trials are underway to develop endogenous immunotherapy approaches, it is necessary to focus on fundamental issues and identify barriers to basic clinical progress. Addressing these challenges and the new pathways will require researchers and clinicians to join forces to accelerate the understanding of the complex interactions between cancer and the immune system and focus resources on developing better treatments for patients.

The Total Intra Venous Anesthesia Effect Versus Volatile Anesthesia, on Stress and Pain Levels, in Patients Undergoing Breast Reconstruction in Ambulatory Surgery Center Total Intra Venous Anesthesia Protocol and Stress Response.

Aim: To compare pain and stress response through cortisol and DHEA levels, implementing. Total intra venous anesthesia (TIVA) versus general anesthesia with volatile anesthetics (VOL).

Design: This is a prospective randomized correlation study with consecutive measurements.

Evaluating Preoperative Anxiety Levels in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery.

Objective: Patients' anxiety and stress levels are increased after the surgery. High levels of anxiety and stress could increase postoperative complications, as well as to prolong postoperative hospitalization and postoperative morbidity. This prospective, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the preoperative stress levels in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery.