Leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis) triggers substantial changes in rye (Secale cereale L.) at the transcriptome and metabolome levels.

Background: Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a cereal crop highly tolerant to environmental stresses, including abiotic and biotic stresses (e.g.

Metabolomic Aspects of Conservative and Resistance-Related Elements of Response to in the Grass Family.

Background: head blight (FHB) is a serious fungal disease affecting crop plants, causing substantial yield reductions and the production of mycotoxins in the infected grains. Achieving progress in the breeding of crops with increased resistance and maintaining a high yield is not possible without a thorough examination of the molecular basis of plant immunity responses.

Methods: LC-MS-based metabolomics approaches powered by three-way ANOVA and the selec-tion of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were used for studying plant immunity.

Correlation Tests of Ultrasonic Wave and Mechanical Parameters of Spot-Welded Joints.

Resistance spot welding as the basic method of joining car body elements has been used in the automotive industry for many years. For these connections, it is required to obtain the appropriate diameter of the weld nugget, which results in a high strength and durability of the connection during vehicle operation. The article presents the methodology of testing spot-welded joints using both destructive methods: shearing test of the spot weld and the ultrasonic method.