Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens).

The acute toxicity and sublethal effects of ammonia and nitrite on the air-beathing Siamese fighting fish, betta (Betta splendens) was studied for 96 h. The LC50 (50% Lethal Concentration) for 96 h for adult bettas to ammonia-N and nitrite-N was 123.4 mM (1.

Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Attenuates Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Stabilizes Hemodynamics in a Rat Hemorrhagic Shock Model.

Background: Hydrogen gas (H2) inhalation during hemorrhage stabilizes post-resuscitation hemodynamics, improving short-term survival in a rat hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R) model. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of H2 in HS/R is unclear. Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) damage causes hemodynamic failure associated with HS/R.

Quantitative imaging mass spectroscopy reveals roles of heme oxygenase-2 for protecting against transhemispheric diaschisis in the brain ischemia.

Carbon monoxide-generating heme oxygenase-2 is expressed in neurons and plays a crucial role for regulating hypoxic vasodilation through mechanisms unlocking carbon monoxide-dependent inhibition of HS-generating cystathionine β-synthase expressed in astrocytes. This study aims to examine whether heme oxygenase-2 plays a protective role in mice against stroke. Focal ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Neuroprotective Role of Astroglia in Parkinson Disease by Reducing Oxidative Stress Through Dopamine-Induced Activation of Pentose-Phosphate Pathway.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the onset and progression of Parkinson disease. Although released dopamine at the synaptic terminal is mostly reabsorbed by dopaminergic neurons, some dopamine is presumably taken up by astroglia. This study examined the dopamine-induced astroglial protective function through the activation of the pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP) to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Preclinical evaluation of heat-denatured [F]FDG-labeled red blood cells for detecting splenic tissues with PET in rats.

Introduction: Heat-denatured Tc-labeled red blood cells (RBCs) are used for detecting splenic tissues with scintigraphy. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using heat-denatured [F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG)-labeled RBCs in detecting splenic tissues using positron emission tomography (PET) in rats.

Methods: RBCs were washed with phosphate buffered saline, labeled with [F]FDG at 38°C, and heat-denatured at 50°C for 15 min.