The potential of a population register for addressing health inequities: an observational study using data linkage to improve breast cancer screening enrolment and participation in Indigenous Māori women in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Background: Breast cancer screening in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) still has persistent inequitable coverage by ethnicity, especially for Indigenous Māori women. This project aimed to undertake systematic data linkage to identify and invite eligible Māori women to participate in breast screening.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in Northern New Zealand between 1/01/2020 and 30/06/2021.

Digital Solutions for the Optimization of Pharmacologic Therapy for Heart Failure.

Data from large-scale, randomized, controlled trials demonstrate that contemporary treatments for heart failure (HF) can substantially improve morbidity and mortality. Despite this, observed outcomes for patients living with HF are poor, and they have not improved over time. The are many potential reasons for this important problem, but inadequate use of optimal medical therapy for patients with HF, an important component of guideline-directed medical therapy, in routine practice is a principal and modifiable contributor.

Long-Term Outcomes With Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Valved Conduits in Pediatric Patients.

Background: The expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) valved conduit (VC) has been reported for pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). The purpose of this study was to review long-term outcomes of our trileaflet ePTFE VC.

Methods: This multicenter study was performed with institutional review board approval from each institution.

Toward risk analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence on the deliberate biological threat landscape.

The perception that the convergence of biological engineering and artificial intelligence (AI) could enable increased biorisk has recently drawn attention to the governance of biotechnology and AI. The 2023 Executive Order, Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, requires an assessment of how AI can increase biorisk. Within this perspective, quantitative and qualitative frameworks for evaluating biorisk are presented.

Preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate to predict cardiac events in major noncardiac surgery: a secondary analysis of two large international studies.

Background: Optimised use of kidney function information might improve cardiac risk prediction in noncardiac surgery.

Methods: In 35,815 patients from the VISION cohort study and 9219 patients from the POISE-2 trial who were ≥45 yr old and underwent nonurgent inpatient noncardiac surgery, we examined (by age and sex) the association between continuous nonlinear preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the composite of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, nonfatal cardiac arrest, or death owing to a cardiac cause within 30 days after surgery. We estimated contributions of predictive information, C-statistic, and net benefit from eGFR and other common patient and surgical characteristics to large multivariable models.