Audit of HIV testing frequency and behavioural interventions for men who have sex with men: policy and practice in sexual health clinics in England.

Background: National guidance recommends targeted behavioural interventions and frequent HIV testing for men who have sex with men (MSM). We reviewed current policy and practice for HIV testing and behavioural interventions (BI) in England to determine adherence to guidance.

Methods: 25 sexual health clinics were surveyed using a semistructured audit asking about risk ascertainment for MSM, HIV testing and behavioural intervention policies.

Tenofovir, emtricitabine intracellular and plasma, and efavirenz plasma concentration decay following drug intake cessation: implications for HIV treatment and prevention.

Background: In vivo data on tenofovir (TFV), emtricitabine (FTC), and efavirenz (EFV) concentration decay after intake cessation are limited; determinations of "true" elimination half-lives (t½) have often been based on suboptimal sampling windows. Understanding these parameters is important in managing missed doses and planning HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This study investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of plasma TFV/FTC, their intracellular (IC) anabolites, TFV-diphosphate (DP) and FTC-triphosphate (TP), and plasma EFV over 10 days after intake cessation in HIV-negative volunteers.

Cutaneous aspergillosis associated with HIV infection.

Primary cutaneous aspergillosis is rare but has been described in immunosuppressed individuals. Cutaneous aspergillosis associated with HIV infection, to date, has primarily been described in hospitalized individuals with advanced HIV following skin trauma. We describe a case of primary cutaneous aspergillosis in a HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy naïve patient with moderate immunosuppression.

Optimal myocardial preconditioning in humans.

We developed a model of ischemia and reperfusion (I and R) in human ventricular myocytes (CM). CM injury and metabolics were studied after various interventions: endogenous preconditioning (PC) with anoxia, hypoxia, and anoxic or hypoxic supernatants; endogenous PC with or without SPT or adenosine deaminase; and exogenous adenosine PC before, during, or after I or continuously, with or without SPT. To assess the clinical implications of PC and the possible mediating effects of adenosine, patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery (CABG) received either a high or low dose of adenosine.