Long-term parenteral nutrition and delayed establishment of enteral nutrition in extremely low birth weight infants with high enterostomy site is associated with prolonged cholestasis.

Purpose: Cholestatic liver damage is frequently observed in extremely low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs) followed by enterostomy. We retrospectively investigated the factors related to liver damage.

Methods: ELBWIs who underwent enterostomy at our institution between January 2013 and December 2022 for gastrointestinal disease during the neonatal period were reviewed.

Transition to a market economy and chronic psychosocial stress in northern Laos: An exploratory study of urinary free cortisol in rural residents.

Objectives: The indigenous population in northern Laos has experienced a transition from self-sufficiency to a market-oriented economy, which may have brought about unprecedented chronic psychosocial stress. This study examined the association between the transition to a market economy and urinary free cortisol (UFC) concentration as a stress biomarker among rural residents of three villages with different degrees of integration into the market economy.

Methods: An interview survey and urine sample collection were conducted in August 2018 and March 2019.

Impact of modernization on oxidative stress among indigenous populations in northern Laos.

Objectives: To explore the impact of modernization on oxidative stress during a momentous health transition process, we investigated differences in oxidative stress among the indigenous populations of villages in northern Laos with different levels of modernization.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 adults in three villages with different levels of modernization. Three biomarkers related to oxidative stress were measured: urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-isoprostane concentrations (both measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and blood telomere length (measured with qPCR).

Direct Catalytic Enantioselective Reaction of α-Isocyanoacetonitriles with Ketimines Using Cinchona Alkaloid Amide-Cu(II) Catalysts.

The first enantioselective reaction of α-isocyanoacetonitriles was developed. The reaction of various α-isocyanoacetonitriles with ketimines using cinchona alkaloid amide-Cu(II) catalysts afforded imidazolines with consecutive tetrasubstituted stereogenic carbon centers in good yields and high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The stereoselectivity of the reaction is explained on the basis of the control experiment and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.