Child Neurodevelopment After Multidomain Interventions From Preconception Through Early Childhood: The WINGS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Multidomain interventions in pregnancy and early childhood have improved child neurodevelopment, but little is known about the effects of additional preconception interventions.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a multifaceted approach including health; nutrition; water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); and psychosocial support interventions delivered during the preconception period and/or during pregnancy and early childhood on child neurodevelopment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this randomized trial involving low- and middle-income neighborhoods in Delhi, India, 13 500 participants were assigned to preconception interventions or routine care for the primary outcome of preterm births and childhood growth.

Immune response of S. Typhi-derived Vi polysaccharide and outer membrane protein a conjugate in mice.

Typhoid fever is a serious concern precisely in developing nations. Still investigators are exploring a better conjugate partner for Vi-polysaccharide to develop a more effective vaccine for typhoid fever. Here, we cloned and expressed S.

Effect of kangaroo mother care initiated in community settings on financial risk protection of low-income households: a randomised controlled trial in Haryana, India.

Introduction: Many families in low-income and middle-income countries have high out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPE) for healthcare, and some face impoverishment. We aimed to assess the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care initiated in community setting (ciKMC) on financial risk protection estimated by healthcare OOPE, catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) and impoverishment due to healthcare seeking for low birthweight infants, using a randomised controlled trial design.

Methods: We included 4475 low birthweight infants randomised to a ciKMC (2491 infants) and a control (1984 infants) arm, in a large trial conducted between 2017 and 2018 in Haryana, India.

Impact of a package of health, nutrition, psychosocial support, and WaSH interventions delivered during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood periods on birth outcomes and on linear growth at 24 months of age: factorial, individually randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the effect of integrated and concurrent delivery of health, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), and psychosocial care interventions during the preconception period alone, during pregnancy and early childhood, and throughout preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood on birth outcomes and linear growth at 24 months of age compared with routine care.

Design: Individually randomised factorial trial.

Setting: Low and middle income neighbourhoods of Delhi, India.

Embodied HANPP of feed and animal products: Tracing pressure on ecosystems along trilateral livestock supply chains 1986-2013.

The global livestock system puts increasing pressures on ecosystems. Studies analyzing the ecological impacts of livestock supply chains often explain this pressure by the increasing demand for animal products. Food regime theory proposes a more nuanced perspective: it explains livestock-related pressures on ecosystems by systemic changes along the supply chains of feed and animal products, notably the liberalization of agricultural trade.