Bacterial Inactivation Studies in Shrimp Pond Water by using Different Disinfectant Agents.

Background: Aquaculture water plays an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria during harvest of shrimps. Mitigation of bacteria through discharge is essential to prevent dissemination downstream. Chemical disinfection of culture water is feasible compared to other methods of bacterial inactivation.

Clostridium septicum manifests a bile salt germinant response mediated by Clostridioides difficile csp gene orthologs.

Clostridium septicum infections are highly predictive of certain malignancies in human patients. To initiate infections, C. septicum spores must first germinate and regain vegetative growth.

Emergence of multidrug resistant, ctx negative seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor sequence type (ST) 69 in coastal water of Kerala, India.

Seventh pandemic Vibrio choleare O1 El Tor strain is responsible for the on-going pandemic outbreak of cholera globally. This strain evolved from non-pathogenic V. cholerae by acquiring seventh pandemic gene (VC 2346), pandemic Islands (VSP1 and VSP2), pathogenicity islands (VP1 and VP2) and CTX prophage region.

Geospatial mapping of 2-hour access to timely essential surgery in the Philippines.

Objectives: Timely access to safe and affordable surgery is essential for universal health coverage. To date, there are no studies evaluating 2-hour access to Bellwether procedures (caesarean section, laparotomy, open fracture management) in the Philippines. The objectives of this study were to measure the proportion of the population able to reach a Bellwether hospital within 2 hours in the Philippines and to identify areas in the country with the most surgically underserved populations.

Intraosseous Neurofibroma of Mandible in a 5-Year-Old: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature.

Neurofibromas are benign tumours originating from the peripheral nerve sheath mainly the endoneurium. The lesion can occur in a solitary form or as multiple tumours associated with neurofibromatosis (NF-1), which is also known as von Recklinghausen's disease. Intraosseous neurofibromas are exceedingly rare with only less than 50 cases reported in the literature.