Publications by authors named "M Juliana McElrath"
Article Synopsis
- To prevent HIV-1 transmission, high levels of broadly neutralizing antibodies are necessary at mucosal sites of exposure, particularly in the colorectal and genitourinary tracts.
- A study compared the biodistribution of two monoclonal antibodies, VRC01 and its longer-lasting variant VRC01LS, over 1-52 weeks post-infusion, finding VRC01LS levels significantly higher in various tissues at earlier and later time points.
- While both antibodies are mainly retained in rectal and cervical tissue, only a small percentage reaches seminal and rectal secretions; VRC01LS shows a longer elimination half-life, indicating its potential for sustained protection against HIV-1.
Objectives: To determine the proportion of individuals with detectable antigen in plasma or serum after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the association of antigen detection with postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) symptoms.
Methods: Plasma and serum samples were collected from adults participating in four independent studies at different time points, ranging from several days up to 14 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome measure was to quantify SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including the S1 subunit of spike, full-length spike, and nucleocapsid, in participant samples.
Article Synopsis
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses serious health risks for young children and elderly individuals, with current vaccines mainly available for adults over 60 and temporary protection for infants through maternal antibodies.
- Researchers have developed a new type of vaccine that uses an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (ai-mAb) specifically designed to target B cell receptors capable of producing RSV-neutralizing antibodies.
- This novel approach effectively engages the right B cells without triggering unwanted immune responses, showcasing potential for a more effective infant vaccine against RSV.
Identifying correlations between immune responses elicited via HIV and non-HIV vaccines could aid the search for correlates of HIV protection and increase statistical power in HIV vaccine-efficacy trial designs. An exploratory objective of the HVTN 097 phase 1b trial was to assess whether immune responses [focusing on those supported as correlates of risk (CoR) of HIV acquisition] induced via the RV144 pox-prime HIV vaccine regimen correlated with those induced via tetanus toxoid (TT) and/or hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines. We measured TT-specific and HBV-specific IgG-binding antibody responses and TT-specific and HBV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses at multiple time points in HVTN 097 participants, and we assessed their correlations at peak time points with HIV vaccine (ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E)-induced responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInduction of broad, durable immune responses is a challenge in HIV vaccine development. HVTN 100 Part A administered subtype C-containing ALVAC-HIV at months 0 and 1, and ALVAC-HIV with bivalent subtype C gp120/MF59 at months 3, 6 and 12. As IgG binding antibody and T-cell responses were similar or greater at month 12.
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