Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) exhibits isoform-specific interactions with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology. In comparison with the more common ApoE3 isoform, ApoE4 promotes amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, enhances tau-mediated neurodegeneration and inflammation. However, the lack of appropriate preclinical models has limited the ability to evaluate the potential synergistic effect of Aβ, tau and ApoE on cognition and disease progression.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: ApoE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, ApoE4 has also been suggested to exhibit antagonistic pleiotropy, a phenomenon by which some allelic variations of a gene promote fitness during certain periods of life but may be detrimental in others. Previous work suggests that ApoE4 carriers exhibit superior performance on executive function tasks in early and middle age, while later in life (>70 years) ApoE4 carriers experience greater cognitive decline across multiple domains.

Do instrument kinematics and the apical preparation limit influence canal disinfection and bacterial extrusion?

This in vitro research assessed the influence of the instrument kinematics (rotary and reciprocating) and the apical preparation limit on the root canal disinfection and apical bacterial extrusion. After 21 days of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation in 72 mesial root canals of mandibular molars, the root canals were distributed into 2 groups (n = 36) according to the systems used for preparation: ProDesign S and Reciproc. The groups were redistributed according to the limit of apical preparation (n = 11): (a) 1 mm up to the apical foramen (TL-1); (b) at the apical foramen (TL = 0); (c) 1 mm beyond the apical foramen (TL + 1).

Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (Sti1/Stip1/Hop) sequesters misfolded proteins during stress.

Co-chaperones are key elements of cellular protein quality control. They cooperate with the major heat shock proteins Hsp70 and Hsp90 in folding proteins and preventing the toxic accumulation of misfolded proteins upon exposure to stress. Hsp90 interacts with the co-chaperone stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (Sti1/Stip1/Hop) and activator of Hsp90 ATPase protein 1 (Aha1) among many others.

Tailoring DNA Surface Interactions on Single-Layer Graphene: Comparative Analysis of Pyrene, Acridine, and Fluorenyl Methyl Linkers.

This study investigates the effect of different linkers and solvents on the immobilization of DNA probes on graphene surfaces, which are crucial for developing high-performance biosensors. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements were used to characterize in situ and real-time the immobilization of ssDNA and hybridization efficiency on model graphene surfaces. The DNA probes immobilization kinetics and thermodynamics were systematically investigated for all the pairings between three bifunctional linkers─1-pyrenebutyric acid succinimidyl ester (PBSE), Fluorenylmethylsuccinimidyl carbonate (FSC), and Acridine Orange (AO) succinimidyl ester─and three organic solvents (DMF, DMSO, and 10% DMF/ethanol).