Emergence of West Nile virus infection in Kerala, South India: A case of concern.

West Nile virus (WNV) infection is emerging as a disease of public health concern in Kerala, India with recurring outbreaks since 2011. With its tropical climate, biodiversity hot spots of Western ghats, forest cover, plenty of water bodies and bird sanctuaries, Kerala provides an ideal ecological niche for vector breeding and transmission of WNV. In this article, we reflect on the peculiar features of the outbreaks of WNV fever in Kerala and highlight the knowledge gaps, the research priorities and the need for effective control measures.

[Scaphoid nonunions treated by Kuhlmann's vascularized bone graft: radiographic outcomes and complications].

During the last few years, several types of vascularized bone grafts have been described for the treatment of scaphoid nonunions reporting rates of union often higher than 90%. The goal of this study was to evaluate the results, complications and failures of Kuhlmann's vascularized bone graft. Thirty patients who had benefited from this graft between 2000 and 2005 were reexamined.