Dental caries experience among secondary school children in the Vardar region of the Republic of Macedonia.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the dental caries in 15-year-old children attending regular public secondary schools in Veles.

Methods: The study has been carried out during 2013 on adolescents aged 15.01(± 0.

Potentiostatic reversible photoelectrochromism: an effect appearing in nanoporous TiO2/Ni(OH)2 thin films.

In the field of energy saving, finding composite materials with the ability of coloring upon both illumination and change of the applied electrode potential keeps on being an important goal. In this context, chemical bath deposition of Ni(OH)2 into nanoporous TiO2 thin films supported on conducting glass leads to electrodes showing both conventional electrochromic behavior (from colorless to dark brown and vice versa) together with photochromism at constant applied potential. The latter phenomenon, reported here for the first time, is characterized by fast and reversible coloration upon UV illumination.

The electrochemistry of nanostructured titanium dioxide electrodes.

Several of the multiple applications of titanium dioxide nanomaterials are directly related to the introduction or generation of charge carriers in the oxide. Thus, electrochemistry plays a central role in the understanding of the factors that must be controlled for the optimization of the material for each application. Herein, the main conceptual tools needed to address the study of the electrochemical properties of TiO(2) nanostructured electrodes are reviewed, as well as the electrochemical methods to prepare and modify them.

Trap states in TiO2 films made of nanowires, nanotubes or nanoparticles: an electrochemical study.

The presence of electronic traps in nanoporous TiO(2) electrodes has been studied by cyclic voltammetry in aqueous media. These simple measurements allow us to map the density of states, providing evidence for the presence of a relatively small number of discrete electron traps at the band gap. We have taken advantage of the variety of TiO(2) synthetic procedures that lead to well-defined morphologies (such as nanowires, nanocolumns, nanotubes, and nanoparticles) of anatase and rutile to investigate the nature of these electron traps.