Carcinoma cheek: regional pattern and management.

Background: Oral cancer varies globally and regionally, and is closely linked with geographical, social, economical, biological, ethnic, dietary and environmental factors. In western countries it accounts for about 2-5% while in the south-east Asia for about 40% of all cancers. In Pakistan it is second commonest tumour after bronchogenic carcinoma in males and breast carcinoma in females.

Cost of tracheoesophageal prostheses in developing countries. Facing the problem from an internal perspective.

Conclusions: All the discussants of our questionnaire agreed that the price of tracheoesophageal (TE) prostheses was too expensive for developing countries. The problem could be addressed in terms of international laws regarding companies' patent rights. TE prosthesis manufacturers from rich countries could move their manufacturing in part to developing countries.

Advanced laryngeal carcinoma: surgical and non-surgical management options.

This article discusses the surgical and non-surgical management of advanced laryngeal cancers.

Laryngeal involvement in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Fifty-one patients with established pulmonary tuberculosis underwent clinical evaluation and endoscopic examination of the larynx to determine the manifestations of laryngeal involvement. There were 46 males and 5 females (mean age 38 years). Fever, cough and haemoptysis were the prime pulmonary complaints while hoarseness, weak voice and episodic dyspnoea were the main laryngeal symptoms.

Stomal recurrence after total laryngectomy.

Radical laryngeal surgery was performed in 71 patients of stage III and IV laryngeal carcinoma. They were followed-up for the stomal recurrence. Stomal recurrence occurred in 5 (7%) patients, four of these had cervical nodal metastasis.