Tibial Retro-Malleolar Groove Morphology in Patients With Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction.

The posterior tibial tendon is a gliding tendon which courses around the medial malleolus and fails in posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction (PTTD) leading to a flat foot deformity. Distal tibial bone spurs have been identified as a secondary sign of PTTD although they have not been quantified in detail. The aim of this study was to assess the association of tendon dysfunction with the bony morphology of the tibial retro-malleolar groove.

Visible-Light-Mediated Energy Transfer Enables the Synthesis of β-Lactams via Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer.

The synthesis of 2-azetidinones (β-lactams) from simple acrylamide starting materials by visible-light-mediated energy transfer catalysis is reported. The reaction features a C(sp )-H functionalization via a variation of the Norrish-Yang photocyclization involving a carbon-to-carbon 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (supported by deuterium labelling and DFT calculations) and can be used for the construction of a diverse range of β-lactam products.

Visible-Light Mediated Metal-Free 6π-Photocyclization of -Acrylamides: Thioxanthone Triplet Energy Transfer Enables the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroquinolin-2-ones.

An efficient thioxanthone-catalyzed triplet energy transfer process for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-ones via a 6π-photocyclization is reported. Featuring a rare example of a metal-free formal C(sp)-H/C(sp)-H arylation mediated by visible-light, this work hopes to inspire further interest in these small molecules as sustainable alternatives to existing transition-metal photocatalysts in related processes.

Characteristics and neuropsychological impact of traumatic brain injury in female prisoners.

: To investigate the characteristics of head injury (HI) and its association with offending behaviour, psychological and neurobehavioral functioning, and cognitive performance in female prisoners.: Using a cross-sectional design, female prisoners in the UK reporting a HI with a loss of consciousness (LOC) over ten minutes (n = 10) were compared with a group without a HI with LOC over ten minutes (n = 41) across a range of measures; including scores on standardized clinical questionnaires and performance-based cognitive assessments. Semi-structured clinical interviews assessed HI and forensic history, with forensic history triangulated against the prison database.

Limited plantar incision for flexor digitorum longus tendon harvest in surgical treatment of tibialis posterior tendon insufficiency.

Background: Surgical correction of stage II tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction (TPTD) commonly utilises the Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) tendon to augment the tibialis posterior tendon. The aim of this study is to present our experience and clinical outcomes harvesting the FDL via a limited plantar incision technique.

Methods: 25 flat foot operations for stage II TPTD were performed harvesting the FDL via a limited plantar incision centred half-way between the base of the heel to the base of the 2nd toe and two-thirds from the lateral border of the foot.