Two- and Three-Dimensional Culture Systems: Respiratory In Vitro Tissue Models for Chemical Screening and Risk-Based Decision Making.

Risk of lung damage from inhaled chemicals or substances has long been assessed using animal models. However, New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) that replace, reduce, and/or refine the use of animals in safety testing such as 2D and 3D cultures are increasingly being used to understand human-relevant toxicity responses and for the assessment of hazard identification. Here we review 2D and 3D lung models in terms of their application for inhalation toxicity assessment.

Familial Resemblance of Bone Health in Maternal Lineage Pairs and Triads: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Female bone health is influenced by familial resemblance, health parameters and maturational periods (puberty and menopause); this combination has been researched using familial multi-generational cross-sectional studies.

Aim: This scoping review aimed to compile bone health research which uses sexually mature (grandmother-) mother-daughter pairs (and triads) and to determine the trends in its methodologies and familial comparisons.

Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used.

Review of EmPATH Units for Behavioral Health Casualties in Prolonged Field Care Environments.

Introduction: Psychiatric conditions are one of the leading non-battle injury diseases resulting in medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) from combat environments. The challenge of limited MEDEVAC capability necessitating prolonged field care in future large-scale combat operations must be addressed. Therefore, a robust program is needed to address frontline care of behavioral health (BH), maximizing service members returning to duty and minimizing MEDEVAC.

The experiences and perceptions of rural and remote nurses who provide care to pregnant women in the absence of midwives.

Introduction: Maternity unit closures in rural and remote settings of Australia have left a substantial gap in services for pregnant women. In the absence of midwives, and when women are unable to attend a maternity facility, registered nurses (RNs) are required to fill the void. While maternity education can attempt to prepare RNs for such encounters, there is little documented to suggest it meets all their physical and psychological needs.