The estimated intake of palm oil in Spain and Germany.

Palm oil is one of the most widely used vegetable oils by the food industry but there is limited information on actual intake. A detailed intake assessment of palm oil for Spain and Germany was conducted. For Spain, mean palm oil intakes ranged from 2.

Structure-Activity Relationships, Pharmacokinetics, and in Vivo Activity of CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 Inhibitors.

CYP11B2, the aldosterone synthase, and CYP11B1, the cortisol synthase, are two highly homologous enzymes implicated in a range of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We have previously reported the discovery of LCI699, a dual CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 inhibitor that has provided clinical validation for the lowering of plasma aldosterone as a viable approach to modulate blood pressure in humans, as well normalization of urinary cortisol in Cushing's disease patients. We now report novel series of aldosterone synthase inhibitors with single-digit nanomolar cellular potency and excellent physicochemical properties.

In vitro metabolism of CP-122,721 ((2S,3S)-2-phenyl-3-[(5-trifluoromethoxy-2-methoxy)benzylamino]piperidine), a non-peptide antagonist of the substance P receptor.

The metabolism of CP-122,721, a neurokinin-1 antagonist, has been examined in vitro using hepatic microsomes from human and animal species, and recombinant heterologously expressed P450 enzymes. Metabolism occurs primarily via O-demethylation and N-dealkylation reactions. In human liver microsomes, O-demethylation was shown to be catalyzed by CYP2D6 with a low K(M) value.

Effect of a mixture of micronutrients, but not of bovine colostrum concentrate, on immune function parameters in healthy volunteers: a randomized placebo-controlled study.

Background: Supplementation of nutritional deficiencies helps to improve immune function and resistance to infections in malnourished subjects. However, the suggested benefits of dietary supplementation for immune function in healthy well nourished subjects is less clear. Among the food constituents frequently associated with beneficial effects on immune function are micronutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene and zinc, and colostrum.

The impact of P-glycoprotein on the disposition of drugs targeted for indications of the central nervous system: evaluation using the MDR1A/1B knockout mouse model.

Thirty-two structurally diverse drugs used for the treatment of various conditions of the central nervous system (CNS), along with two active metabolites, and eight non-CNS drugs were measured in brain, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid in the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) knockout mouse model after subcutaneous administration, and the data were compared with corresponding data obtained in wild-type mice. Total brain-to-plasma (B/P) ratios for the CNS agents ranged from 0.060 to 24.