Awake Craniotomy for Eloquent Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Background: Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) pose a risk of neurologic deterioration, particularly when located in eloquent areas. While awake surgery is well-established for treating low-grade gliomas near eloquent areas, its efficacy for AVMs is less conclusively reported.

Methods: This study conducted a systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis following Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA guidelines.

Natural history of dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar aneurysms: a multinational study.

Objective: Dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar aneurysms (DVBAs) are expansions of arterial tissue leading to aneurysmal formations without an obvious neck. Their natural history is poorly understood; usually patients are admitted with thromboembolic complications and/or neurological symptoms from the mass effect. There have not been international collective data, and correct timing for highly risky treatments has been under discussion.

Multiomic profiling of chronically activated CD4+ T cells identifies drivers of exhaustion and metabolic reprogramming.

Repeated antigen exposure leads to T-cell exhaustion, a transcriptionally and epigenetically distinct cellular state marked by loss of effector functions (e.g., cytotoxicity, cytokine production/release), up-regulation of inhibitory receptors (e.

Complications: skull base and cerebrovascular.

Neurosurgical complications are a rich source for learning, but they are grossly underutilized for the purpose of surgeon education. Details of the complications, which make them all the more powerful as teaching tools, are restricted to morbidity and mortality conferences behind closed doors, and open discussions of the topic are blurred by hypotheticals in order to shield the presenters from medicolegal risks. In this issue of Neurosurgical Focus, 9 neurosurgeons were invited to present complications they encountered along with the details and specific lessons they learned.

Ultrahigh-resolution 7-Tesla anatomic magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging of formalin-fixed human brainstem-cerebellum complex.

Introduction: Brain cross-sectional images, tractography, and segmentation are valuable resources for neuroanatomical education and research but are also crucial for neurosurgical planning that may improve outcomes in cerebellar and brainstem interventions. Although ultrahigh-resolution 7-Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reveal such structural brain details in living or fresh unpreserved brain tissue, imaging standard formalin-preserved cadaveric brain specimens often used for neurosurgical anatomic studies has proven difficult. This study sought to develop a practical protocol to provide anatomic information and tractography results of an human brainstem-cerebellum specimen.