[Anesthesia in spinal surgery].

Over the past 20 years improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative patient care have led to a considerable increase in surgical procedures of the spine worldwide. Therefore, the spectrum was extended from minimally invasive procedures up to complex operations over several segments of the spinal column with high loss of blood and complex perioperative management. This article presents the principal pillars of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management relating to spinal surgery.

Stem cell induced inflammatory hypertrophy of the cauda equina.

Stem cell therapy can present clinicians with challenging clinical scenarios, as access to such treatments outpaces the research into their efficacy and safety due to the burgeoning trend of international travel to acquire stem cell therapy, or "stem cell tourism." Treatment of neurologic conditions remains an enticing potential application of stem cell therapy, often administered intrathecally. In response to such therapy, multiple adverse events have been described in the literature, including neoplasms, demyelinating disease, and seizures, among others.

Increased relative risk of delayed hemorrhage in patients taking anticoagulant/antiplatelet medications with concurrent aspirin therapy: implications for clinical practice based on 3-year retrospective analysis in a large health system.

Purpose: The incidence of delayed posttraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (DH) in patients on anticoagulant (AC) and antiplatelet (AP) medications, especially with concurrent aspirin therapy, is not well established, with studies reporting disparate results with between 1-10% risk of DH and 0-3% mortality. The purpose of this 3-year retrospective study is to evaluate the true risk of DH in patients on AP/AC medications with or without concurrent aspirin therapy.

Methods: One thousand forty-six patients taking AP and AC medications presenting to network emergency departments with head trauma who had repeat CT to evaluate for DH were included in the study.

Unique enlarging cavernous malformation secondary to abnormal arteriovenous shunting through an associated developmental venous anomaly.

Cavernous malformations are angiographically occult vascular malformations. They are often associated with a developmental venous anomaly through poorly understood mechanisms. We present an unusual case of a gradually enlarging cavernous malformation associated with a developmental venous anomaly with arteriovenous shunting, suggesting venous hypertension or reflux as a potential cause of progressive growth.