modelling of organ-on-a-chip devices: an overview.

An organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) is a microscale device designed to mimic the functions and complexity of human physiology. Different from traditional culture systems, OOACs are capable of replicating the biochemical microenvironment, tissue-tissue interactions, and mechanical dynamics of organs thanks to the precise control offered by microfluidic technology. Diverse OOAC devices specific to different organs have been proposed for experimental research and applications such as disease modelling, personalized medicine and drug screening.

Going beyond hawks and doves - Measuring degrees of examiner misalignment in OSCEs.

Background: Minimising examiner differences in scoring in OSCEs is key in supporting the validity of the assessment outcomes. This is particularly true for common OSCE designs where the same station is administered across parallel circuits, with examiners nested within these. However, the common classification of extreme examiners as 'hawks' or 'doves' can be overly simplistic.

Extremely Long-Lived Charge Donor States Formed by Visible Irradiation of Quantum Dots.

Using cyclic voltammetry under illumination, we recently demonstrated that CdS quantum dots (QDs) form charge donor states that live for at least several minutes after illumination ends, ∼12 orders of magnitude longer than expected for free carriers. This time scale suggests that the conventionally accepted mechanism of charge transfer, wherein charges directly transfer to an acceptor following exciton dissociation, cannot be complete. Because of these long time scales, this unconventional pathway is not readily observed using time-resolved spectroscopy to probe charge transfer dynamics.