Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expressions in Ethiopian female breast cancer and their association with histopathologic features.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF) play important role in breast tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, patient survival and drug resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein expression status of EGFR and VEGF-A, as well as their association with hormone receptor status and histopathological characteristics in the invasive type of female breast cancer among Ethiopians.

Method: The primary breast tumor tissues were obtained from 85 Ethiopian invasive breast cancer cases that underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) from June 2014 to June 2015.

56Fe-ion Exposure Increases the Incidence of Lung and Brain Tumors at a Similar Rate in Male and Female Mice.

The main deterrent to long-term space travel is the risk of Radiation Exposure Induced Death (REID). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has adopted Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) to limit the probability of REID to 3% for the risk of death due to radiation-induced carcinogenesis. The most significant contributor to current REID estimates for astronauts is the risk of lung cancer.

Reduced levels of MRE11 cause disease phenotypes distinct from ataxia telangiectasia-like disorder.

The MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex plays critical roles in cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks. MRN is involved in end binding and processing, and it also induces cell cycle checkpoints by activating the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase. Hypomorphic pathogenic variants in the MRE11, RAD50, or NBS1 genes cause autosomal recessive genome instability syndromes featuring variable degrees of dwarfism, neurological defects, anemia, and cancer predisposition.

Functional overlap between the mammalian and paralogs in vivo.

Proteins carrying a signal peptide and/or a transmembrane domain enter the intracellular secretory pathway at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are transported to the Golgi apparatus via COPII vesicles or tubules. SAR1 initiates COPII coat assembly by recruiting other coat proteins to the ER membrane. Mammalian genomes encode two paralogs, and .

Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Identification of as Causative Agent of High Mortality Disease in NOD.Cg-/SzJ (NSG) Mice.

NOD.Cg-/SzJ (NSG) mice, lacking many components of a mature immune system, are at increased risk of disease. General understanding of potential pathogens of these mice is limited.