Viviparity (live birth) represents a significant evolutionary innovation that has emerged in hundreds of lineages of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. The evolution of this trait from the ancestral state of egg laying has involved complex morphological, behavioral, physiological, and genetic changes, which enable internal development of embryos within the female reproductive tract. Comparable changes have also occurred in oviparous, brooding species that carry developing embryos in locations other than the female reproductive tract.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Parkinson's Families Project is a UK-wide study aimed at identifying genetic variation associated with familial and early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). We recruited individuals with a clinical diagnosis of PD and age at motor symptom onset ≤45 years and/or a family history of PD in up to third-degree relatives. Where possible, we also recruited affected and unaffected relatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Seed amplification assay (SAA) testing has been developed as a biomarker for the diagnosis of α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative disorders.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the rate of α-synuclein SAA positivity in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and to analyze clinical and pathological features of SAA-positive and -negative cases.
Methods: A total of 96 cerebrospinal fluid samples from clinically diagnosed PSP (n = 59) and CBS (n = 37) cases were analyzed using α-synuclein SAA.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of repeated steam sterilization cycles on the biomechanical properties of surgical screws.
Methods: 42 3.5-mm and 42 2.