Lung Cancer with Brain Metastasis-Treatment Strategies and Molecular Characteristics.

Lung cancer is a leading cause of brain metastases (BMs), with 10-20% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presenting with BMs at diagnosis and 25-50% developing them over the course of their disease. Historically, BMs have posed significant therapeutic challenges, partly due to the blood brain barrier (BBB), which restricts drug penetration to the central nervous system. Consequently, BMs were initially managed with local treatments, including surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, and whole brain radiation therapy.

An Adequate Pharmaceutical Quality System for Personalized Preparation.

The pharmacy compounding of personalized preparations has evolved a great deal, and with it, the way of working and the legal requirements have also evolved. An adequate pharmaceutical quality system for personalized preparations presents fundamental differences with respect to the system designed for industrial medicines since the size, complexity, and characteristics of the activity of the manufacturing laboratory and the applications and uses of the manufactured medicines must be taken into account. Legislation must advance and adapt to the needs of personalized preparations, filling the deficiencies currently found in this field.

Higher PAPP-A Values in Pregnant Women Complicated with Preeclampsia Than with Gestational Hypertension.

The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A at the first trimester in pregnancies complicated by impaired placental diseases, such as preeclampsia (PE), intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR), and gestational hypertension (GH), with those in pregnancies without the development of any of these outcomes to expand the knowledge of how this protein behaves in the different impaired placental diseases. This current work is an observational study based on a prospective cohort. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A was measured in 422 patients who had completed maternal-perinatal outcomes.

Scenarios of land use and land cover change in the Colombian Amazon to evaluate alternative post-conflict pathways.

Pastures and crops have been expanding at an accelerated rate in the forests of the Colombian Amazon since the peace accords were signed in 2016. The rapid loss of tropical rainforests is threatening the integrity of protected areas and connectivity in the Amazon and other natural regions. In the context of the post-conflict stage, a set of land use and land cover change scenarios were constructed for the Colombian Amazon for the year 2040, using expert coherent narratives.