From Bayes to Darwin: Evolutionary search as an exaptation from sampling-based Bayesian inference.

Building on the algorithmic equivalence between finite population replicator dynamics and particle filtering based approximation of Bayesian inference, we design a computational model to demonstrate the emergence of Darwinian evolution over representational units when collectives of units are selected to infer statistics of high-dimensional combinatorial environments. The non-Darwinian starting point is two units undergoing a few cycles of noisy, selection-dependent information transmission, corresponding to a serial (one comparison per cycle), non-cumulative process without heredity. Selection for accurate Bayesian inference at the collective level induces an adaptive path to the emergence of Darwinian evolution within the collectives, capable of maintaining and iteratively improving upon complex combinatorial information.

Novelty and imitation within the brain: a Darwinian neurodynamic approach to combinatorial problems.

Efficient search in vast combinatorial spaces, such as those of possible action sequences, linguistic structures, or causal explanations, is an essential component of intelligence. Is there any computational domain that is flexible enough to provide solutions to such diverse problems and can be robustly implemented over neural substrates? Based on previous accounts, we propose that a Darwinian process, operating over sequential cycles of imperfect copying and selection of neural informational patterns, is a promising candidate. Here we implement imperfect information copying through one reservoir computing unit teaching another.

Dose-related effects of epinephrine on human gingival blood flow and crevicular fluid production used as a soaking solution for chemo-mechanical tissue retraction.

Statement Of Problem: Epinephrine is a frequently used agent for impregnation of the retraction cord. Removal of retraction cord from the gingival sulcus has been shown to elicit a hyperemic response that could be prevented by epinephrine. However, the epinephrine may cause local or systemic adverse effects in the circulation.

Effect of electrical tooth stimulation on blood flow and immunocompetent cells in rat dental pulp after sympathectomy.

Previous experiments show that nerves have effect on the emigration of immunocompetent cells during acute neurogenic inflammation. The present study aims to determine whether the sympathetic or sensory nerves are responsible for emigration of CD43+ and I-A antigen-expressing cells in the dental pulp after electrical tooth stimulation. Wistar rats were used.