Layer-specific stimulations of parvalbumin-positive cortical interneurons in mice entrain brain rhythms to different frequencies.

Neocortical interneurons provide inhibition responsible for organizing neuronal activity into brain oscillations that subserve cognitive functions such as memory, attention, or prediction. However, the interneuronal contribution to the entrainment of neocortical oscillations within and across different cortical layers was not described. Here, using layer-specific optogenetic stimulations with micro-Light-Emitting Diode arrays, directed toward parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons in non-anesthetized awake mice, we found that supragranular layer stimulations of PV neurons were most efficient at entraining supragranular local field potential (LFP) oscillations at gamma frequencies (γ: 25-80 Hz), whereas infragranular layer stimulation of PV neurons better entrained the LFP at delta (δ: 2-5 Hz) and theta (θ: 6-10 Hz) frequencies.

A cross-sectional study to assess job strain of emergency healthcare workers by Karasek questionnaire: The SEEK study.

Background: Emergency healthcare workers (eHCWs) are particularly at risk of stress, but data using the gold standard questionnaire of Karasek are scarce. We assessed the level of stress of eHCWs and aimed to compare it with the general population.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional nationwide study in French Emergency Departments (EDs), using the job-content questionnaire of Karasek, compared with the 25,000 answers in the French general population (controls from the SUMER study).

Comparison of Long-Term Complications of COVID-19 Illness among a Diverse Sample of Children by MIS-C Status.

Most pediatric COVID-19 cases are asymptomatic; however, a small number of children are diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a rare but severe condition that is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Persistent symptoms of COVID-19 illness in children diagnosed with/without MIS-C is largely unknown. A retrospective EHR review of patients with COVID-19 illness from one pediatric healthcare system to assess the presence of acute (<30 days) and chronic (≥30, 60-120, and >120 days) long-term COVID symptoms was conducted.

Theoretical Study Theory of professional bonds: description and theoretical analysis based on the Meleis' model with Delphi strategy.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the Theory of Professional Bonds from the description and analysis steps of Meleis' theory evaluation model. This is a theoretical, analytical, and philosophical study, with the collection of manuscripts through literature review to deepen knowledge regarding the origin, the theoretical and philosophical frameworks, and the practical application of the Theory of Professional Bonds. The study was developed in two steps: procedures for the evaluation using the model proposed by Meleis' and procedures for validation of the evaluation using the Delphi strategy and the Likert scale.

Vigilance and Behavioral State-Dependent Modulation of Cortical Neuronal Activity throughout the Sleep/Wake Cycle.

GABAergic inhibitory neurons, through their molecular, anatomic, and physiological diversity, provide a substrate for the modulation of ongoing cortical circuit activity throughout the sleep/wake cycle. Here, we investigated neuronal activity dynamics of parvalbumin (PV), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and somatostatin (SST) neurons in naturally sleeping head-restrained mice at the level of layer 2/3 of the primary somatosensory barrel cortex of mice. Through calcium imaging and targeted single-unit loose-patch or whole-cell recordings, we found that PV action potential firing activity was largest during both rapid eye movement (REM) and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages, that VIP neurons were most active during REM sleep, and that the overall activity of SST neurons remained stable throughout the sleep/wake cycle.