The Regulation of Growth in Developing, Homeostatic, and Regenerating Tetrapod Limbs: A Minireview.

The size and shape of the tetrapod limb play central roles in their functionality and the overall physiology of the organism. In this minireview we will discuss observations on mutant animal models and humans, which show that the growth and final size of the limb is most impacted by factors that regulate either limb bud patterning or the elongation of the long bones. We will also apply the lessons that have been learned from embryos to how growth could be regulated in regenerating limb structures and outline the challenges that are unique to regenerating animals.

Neural control of growth and size in the axolotl limb regenerate.

The mechanisms that regulate growth and size of the regenerating limb in tetrapods such as the Mexican axolotl are unknown. Upon the completion of the developmental stages of regeneration, when the regenerative organ known as the blastema completes patterning and differentiation, the limb regenerate is proportionally small in size. It then undergoes a phase of regeneration that we have called the 'tiny-limb' stage, which is defined by rapid growth until the regenerate reaches the proportionally appropriate size.

Sustainable Continuous Flow Valorization of γ-Valerolactone with Trioxane to α-Methylene-γ-Valerolactone over Basic Beta Zeolites.

The need for more sustainable products and processes has led to the use of new methodologies with low carbon footprints. In this work, an efficient tandem process is demonstrated for the liquid-phase catalytic upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass-derived γ-valerolactone (GVL) with trioxane (Tx) to α-methylene-γ-valerolactone (MeGVL) in flow system using Cs-loaded hierarchical beta zeolites. The introduction of mesopores along with the presence of basic sites of mild strength leads to MeGVL productivity 20 times higher than with the bulk beta zeolite, reaching 0.

The effect of perchlorate medication on point-of-care testing.

Background: To create awareness for mismeasurements of ion-selective electrodes caused by patients' medications and to prevent severe consequences in an intensive care therapy.

Case Presentation: A 73-year-old woman presented with severe carbimazol-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. After replacement of carbimazol by sodiumperchlorate, we detected a huge discrepancy in the measurement of ionised calcium by two different Point-of-Care (POCT) systems.

Screening CT colonography: multicenter survey of patient experience, preference, and potential impact on adherence.

Objective: Prior research indicates CT colonography (CTC) would be a cost-effective colorectal cancer (CRC) screening test if widespread availability were to increase overall CRC screening adherence rates. The primary aims of this multicenter study were to evaluate patient experience and satisfaction with CTC screening and compare preference against screening colonoscopy.

Materials And Methods: A 12-question survey instrument measuring pretest choice, experience, and satisfaction was given to a consecutive cohort of adults undergoing CTC screening in three disparate screening settings: university academic center, military medical center, and community practice.