Antibacterial Activity of Phyto-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles From Dryopteris cristata Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 28923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 28922.

Introduction Nanotechnology has emerged as a vital field, particularly in synthesizing nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are recognized for their strong antimicrobial properties against various pathogens, including  and , due to their small size and high surface area. Green synthesis using plant extracts offers an eco-friendly alternative.

Mechanisms of epigenomic and functional convergence between glucocorticoid- and IL4-driven macrophage programming.

Macrophages adopt distinct phenotypes in response to environmental cues, with type-2 cytokine interleukin-4 promoting a tissue-repair homeostatic state (M2). Glucocorticoids (GC), widely used anti-inflammatory therapeutics, reportedly impart a similar phenotype (M2), but how such disparate pathways may functionally converge is unknown. We show using integrative functional genomics that M2 and M2 transcriptomes share a striking overlap mirrored by a shift in chromatin landscape in both common and signal-specific gene subsets.

Antiviral innate immune memory in alveolar macrophages following SARS-CoV-2 infection ameliorates secondary influenza A virus disease.

Pathogen encounter can result in epigenetic remodeling that shapes disease caused by heterologous pathogens. Here, we examined innate immune memory in the context of commonly circulating respiratory viruses. Single-cell analyses of airway-resident immune cells in a disease-relevant murine model of SARS-CoV-2 recovery revealed epigenetic reprogramming in alveolar macrophages following infection.

HIV-1 control in vivo is related to the number but not the fraction of infected cells with viral unspliced RNA.

In the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), a subset of individuals, termed HIV controllers, have levels of plasma viremia that are orders of magnitude lower than non-controllers (NC) who are at higher risk for HIV disease progression. In addition to having fewer infected cells resulting in fewer cells with HIV RNA, it is possible that lower levels of plasma viremia in controllers are due to a lower fraction of the infected cells having HIV-1 unspliced RNA (HIV usRNA) compared with NC. To directly test this possibility, we used sensitive and quantitative single-cell sequencing methods to compare the fraction of infected cells that contain one or more copies of HIV usRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from controllers and NC.

Advancing Vaccinology Capacity: Education and Efforts in Vaccine Development and Manufacturing across Africa.

Africa, home to the world's second-largest population of approximately 1.3 billion, grapples with significant challenges in meeting its medical needs, particularly in accessing quality healthcare services and products. The continent faces a continuous onslaught of emerging infectious diseases, exacerbating the strain on its already fragile public health infrastructure.