Novel risk index integrating practical operation limits enhances probabilistic contingency ranking for large-scale photovoltaic plant planning.

This research addresses the pressing need for heightened grid security amid increasing uncertainties in photovoltaic PV generation. The research problem lies in the limitations of conventional contingency analysis metrics, failing to adequately consider both contingency occurrences and uncertainties inherent in PV generation. In response, a comprehensive algorithm is proposed that introduces a novel severity function framework, enhancing traditional contingency ranking metrics.