The evolution of green plants from aquatic to terrestrial environments is thought to have been facilitated by the acquisition of gametangia, specialized multicellular organs housing gametes. Antheridia and archegonia, responsible for producing and protecting sperm and egg cells, undergo formative cell divisions to produce a cell to differentiate into germ cell lineages and the other cell to give rise to surrounding structures. However, the genes governing this process remain unidentified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Tooth loss can lead to an increased risk of physical disease and a reduced quality of life. The current study investigated the association of the use of interdental cleaning devices with oral health outcomes such as tooth loss among employees as a healthier population.
Method: Tooth loss was determined as the main outcome in 2017 in a company employee population (n = 845, average age = 47.
Rationale: Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation targeting the aortic wall. Since many patients are resistant to steroid treatment, multiple immunosuppressants or interleukin-6 (IL-6) suppression therapy have served as treatment alternatives. However, there are very few reports on the effectiveness of biologics against inflammatory cytokines upstream of IL-6.
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