Addressing Prompt Dependency in the Treatment of Challenging Behavior Maintained by Access to Tangible Items.

Prompt dependency is a common concern for individuals with developmental disabilities, particularly autism spectrum disorder. Previous research has shown that different interventions can be used to decrease prompt dependency. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of various treatments to decrease prompt dependency during functional communication training in the treatment of challenging behavior maintained by access to tangible items in a 16-year-old female diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

Enhancing outcomes: Culturally adapted social-emotional and behavioral interventions for rural black elementary learners at risk.

Educators are responsible for supporting positive school experiences for all students, including those with or at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Students with or at risk for EBD experience multiple negative outcomes impacting their school years, and these negative outcomes extend past graduation. Social and emotional learning programs are being used by schools to build students' competency in areas designed to help them successfully manage the school environment and life in general.

Evaluation of a latency-based competing stimulus assessment.

A competing stimulus assessment is used to identify stimuli that are associated with a low level of challenging behavior and a high level of engagement. These stimuli are often used as a treatment component for challenging behavior that is maintained by automatic reinforcement. One limitation of implementing competing stimulus assessments is that they may be time consuming.

[Acute pulmonary embolism related to pulmonary giant cell arteritis].

Introduction: During giant cell arteritis (Horton's disease), Takayasu's disease and atrophic polychondritis, giant cell vascularities eventually involving the large vessels such as the aorta, or iliac or pulmonary arteries have been described. We report a case of giant cell pulmonary arteritis revealed by acute pulmonary embolism and associated with giant cell arteritis.

Observation: An 80 year-old woman was hospitalised for pulmonary embolism with acute pulmonary heart.