Nalbuphine Potentiates Reversal of Fentanyl Overdose by Naloxone.

Developing an effective antidote for fentanyl-induced overdose to achieve timely reversal is an unmet public health need. Previously, we found that naloxone derivative NX90 with mild κ-opioid agonistic properties was three-fold more effective than the parent naloxone in reversing a fentanyl overdose in rats. To investigate whether κ-agonistic properties could indeed augment the robustness of overdose reversal, we evaluated a κ-agonist/µ-antagonist nalbuphine (NB) as well as its combinations with naloxone (NX) in a fentanyl overdose model in rodents.

The interplay between macronutrients and sleep: focus on circadian and homeostatic processes.

Sleep disturbances are an emerging risk factor for metabolic diseases, for which the burden is particularly worrying worldwide. The importance of sleep for metabolic health is being increasingly recognized, and not only the amount of sleep plays an important role, but also its quality. In this review, we studied the evidence in the literature on macronutrients and their influence on sleep, focusing on the mechanisms that may lay behind this interaction.

Kinetics and Mechanism of Epinephrine Autoxidation in the Presence of Plant Superoxide Inhibitors: A New Look at the Methodology of Using a Model System in Biological and Chemical Research.

Superoxide is the primary active oxygen form produced in living organisms. Because of superoxide anion radical formation during epinephrine oxidation in alkaline medium, this system is offered in some works for antioxidant activity analysis, however, without enough physicochemical justification. Therefore, the task of developing reliable methods for analyzing the superoxide inhibition activity of various objects is very urgent.

SIG-1451, a Novel, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Compound, Attenuates Light-Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration by Affecting the Inflammatory Process.

Age-related macular degeneration is a progressive retinal disease that is associated with factors such as oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of SIG-1451, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound developed for treating atopic dermatitis and known to inhibit Toll-like receptor 4, in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. SIG-1451 was intraperitoneally injected into rats once per day before exposure to 1000 lx light for 24 h; one day later, optical coherence tomography showed a decrease in retinal thickness, and electroretinogram (ERG) amplitude was also found to have decreased 3 d after light exposure.