[Complex form of instrumental behavior in the dog].

A complex form of higher nervous activity, conditioned switching over, was elaborated in four dogs freely moving in an experimental room, under conditions of choice of kind (food or water) and place of reinforcement, determined by situational factors, as well as of independent switching on of conditioned stimuli. The formation of such behaviour was attended with neurotic disturbances of higher nervous activity, which disappeared after a break in the work and the animals' rest. It was shown that motivational goal-directed behaviour of the animals is due to activation of direct and backward conditioned connections.

[Dynamics of formation of water and food instrumental conditioned reflexes in freely moving dogs].

The dynamics of food and water conditioning was studied in freely moving dogs choosing the reinforcement. The dog's behaviour at any given moment was determined by the correlations of the excitability of the structures of the corresponding vital unconditioned reflexes. A directed change in the excitability of the structures of the unconditioned (alimentary and water) reflexes by raising or lowering the animal's excitability (hunger, satiation, thirst) resulted in a change of the animal's behaviour and its motivation.

[Transfer phenomenon in alimentary conditioned reflexes of dogs].

Experiments on transfer phenomenon in alimentary conditioned reflexes of instrumental variety were carried out on dogs in stands and in conditions of unrestrained locomotion. In either experimental condition, after one of classical conditioned reflexes was changed into instrumental one, all conditioned stimuli started to elicit the unstrumental reflex without its special elaboration. If an instrumental reflex was initially elaborated to one stimulus, and then classical reflexes were elaborated to other stimuli, then these stimuli started to elicite the instrumental reflex as soon as they became alimentary signals.