Hydrocortisone Attenuates the Development of Malformations of the Polymicrogyria Spectrum.

Most of the malformations of the polymicrogyria spectrum are caused by destructive lesions of the neocortex during the third trimester of pregnancy, triggered by hypoxic-ischemic, hemorrhagic or infectious events, with neuroinflammation as a common pathophysiological mechanism. Our study investigated hydrocortisone treatment in attenuating inflammation, malformations development and seizures predisposition in mice subjected to neonatal transcranial freeze lesion. Our results show attenuation of malformation and predisposition to febrile seizures, with concomitant reduction of macrophages/microglia after neonatal freeze lesion, polarizing them towards an anti-inflammatory profile.

Weighing up GnRH agonist therapy for endometriosis: outcomes and the treatment paradigm.

Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory estrogen-dependent disease affecting 10% of women worldwide leading to chronic pelvic pain and infertility which may be treated clinically or surgically.

Areas Covered: Current literaure was reviewed using the keywords 'gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa),' 'endometriosis,' 'infertility' and 'chronic pelvic pain.' Relevant papers prioritizing randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, as well as international guidelines were evaluated.

Effectiveness of HPV vaccination in reducing infection among young Brazilian women.

Background: Globally, cervical cancer is an increasing public health issue, and vaccination against HPV has proven to be an effective strategy to reduce this neoplasia. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the quadrivalent vaccine in reducing the prevalence and incidence of HPV infection in women, aged 18 to 24 years old, in the cities of Ouro Preto and Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Methods: A concurrent cohort study was performed, with an initial follow-up of 12 to 18 months.

Radiomorphometric indices for measuring mandibular bone quality in oncologic patients.

Objective: This retrospective study compared the thickness and degree of resorption of the mandibular cortex in patients with head and neck cancer (AG), patients with cancer at sites other than the head and neck (BG), and patients with no cancer (CG) to describe and compare the changes in the mandible after antineoplastic therapy and their possible clinical implications.

Materials And Methods: A total of 287 panoramic radiographs were examined. The following radiomorphometric indices were analyzed: mental index (MI), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI).

The burden of dengue in South American countries, 1990-2019: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.

Objectives: To describe the main dengue metrics generated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 for South American countries between 1990 and 2019.

Study Design: A descriptive study was carried out using the metrics obtained by the GBD Study 2019.

Methods: The metrics of incidence, years of life lost due to premature death (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were evaluated, grouped by sex and country, between 1990 and 2019.