Degradation, residual determination, and cholinesterase activity of triclorfon in Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (PACU) 1887.

The aim of this study was to determine the no-observable-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for trichlorfon, an antiparasitic agent used in aquaculture, in Piractus mesopotamicus (pacu) using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity as an end point. Fish were exposed 24 h/d for 15 d to different concentrations of trichlorfon in tanks of water for which a curve of dissipation was previously determined. Analysis of trichlorfon in water and fish plasma using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) enabled measurement of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively, to be 3 and 10 ppb.

Effects of intravenous administration of caffeine on physiologic variables in exercising horses.

Objective: To investigate the effect of acute administration of caffeine on the athletic performance of Arabian horses.

Animals: 12 healthy adult Arabian horses that were trained for exercise on a treadmill.

Procedures: By use of a crossover study design, horses received each of the following treatments: IV administration of caffeine (5 mg/kg) and IV administration of approximately the same volume of saline (0.

Effects of buprenorphine on nociception and spontaneous locomotor activity in horses.

Objective: To investigate spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) and antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine in horses.

Animals: 6 healthy adult horses.

Procedures: Horses received each of 3 treatments (10 mL of saline [0.

Study of caffeine in urine and saliva of horses subjected to urinary acidification.

The study of caffeine in racing horses has been of growing concern in veterinary sports medicine since the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI) stated that it has no valid therapeutic use in racehorses. We examined the kinetic alterations in the urinary excretion and salivary secretion of caffeine in seven horses subjected to urinary acidification using ascorbic acid because this procedure can simulate the acidosis that follows anaerobic exercise. They participated in two treatment groups: the control group (SG) received 500 ml of saline and then 2.

Effects of caffeine on locomotor activity of horses: determination of the no-effect threshold.

Caffeine is the legal stimulant consumed most extensively by the human world population and may be found eventually in the urine and/or blood of race horses. The fact that caffeine is in foods led us to determine the highest no-effect dose (HNED) of caffeine on the spontaneous locomotor activity of horses and then to quantify this substance in urine until it disappeared. We built two behavioural stalls equipped with juxtaposed photoelectric sensors that emit infrared beams that divide the stall into nine sectors in a 'tic-tac-toe' fashion.